The nonradiative changeover costs follow the system WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), exactly where p is the volume of phonons matching the Vitality hole. The nonradiative changeover prices of Er3+ show temperature dependence consistent with the multiphonon rest principle. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative peace prices is difficult https://nathanielf702gfg4.ktwiki.com/user